This study investigates whether state-level regulations restricting the use of live baitfish have a negative impact on recreational fishing participation. Using fishing license sales as a proxy for participation, the research analyzes trends in four states (Maine, New York, Vermont, and Colorado) that enacted significant changes to their baitfish regulations.

By comparing license sale patterns in these states to regional trends before and after the regulations were implemented, the study found no evidence of a decline in fishing participation. The findings suggest that conservation agencies can implement science-based baitfish regulations to mitigate the risks of invasive species and pathogens without negatively affecting angler engagement or license revenue.